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Many other Scientologist-run services and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This section requires growth. You can assist by including to it. In order to facilitate the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or reputable individuals. Scientology Perth. Though it has obtained some trustworthiness as a religion in many countries, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of scams, manslaughter and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web survey run by the presidential shift group getting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility weblink report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as an industrial enterprise, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security learn the facts here now for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive techniques in addressing those it sees as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church my review here and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb hazards in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.