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Numerous other Scientologist-run companies and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who want to become Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - church of scientology perth address. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This section needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or highly regarded people. Though it has actually obtained some reliability as a faith in lots of nations, Scientology has likewise been explained as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.

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For example, it has been noted to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology see it here entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt their website not-for-profit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web survey run by the presidential transition team soliciting public input for the inbound administration. define scientology.

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State Department has criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace located at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and devoted among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The get more criminal activity dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive techniques in attending to those it views as attempting to reduce them, known as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.